Revision of the fossil land tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from Hispaniola with the description of a new species
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Published
Jul 22, 2022
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Abstract
The genus of land tortoises Chelonoidis had a wide distribution across the Caribbean and Bahamian Archipelago during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Two extinct species of this genus, C. marcanoi Turvey et al., 2017 and C. dominicensis Albury et al., 2018 were recently described from fossils collected in deposits in the southwest and east of the Dominican Republic respectively. Here we review the taxonomic status of Chelonoidis species from Hispaniola based on previously described remains along with new specimens recently collected. More diagnostic elements collected from cave deposits in the southwest Dominican Republic indicate that C. marcanoi is a senior synonym of C. dominicensis. This species was distributed across the south of eastern Hispaniola, including the Northern and Southeast Paleo-island. The new collection of fossils from the Pedernales rigion also includes associated elements of an undescribed species, Chelonoidis gersoni sp. nov., closely related to C. cubensis and C. marcanoi. The triangular-shaped gular projection of the epiplastron of this new species of Chelonoidis is unique among tortoises of this genus.
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Chelonoidis, Greater Antilles, Dominican Republic, Quaternary, extinction
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Albury, N. A., Franz, R., Rimoli, R., Lehman, P., & Rosenberger, A. L. (2018). Fossil land tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Dominican Republic, West Indies, with a description of a new species. American Museum Novitates, 2018(3904), 1–28.
Arredondo, C. (2007). Paleofauna, paleoambiente y subsistencia alimentaria de humanos tempranos en el noroeste de cuba central. Anthropos 2007. 1 Congreso Iberoamericano de Antropología. (5–9 de marzo de 2007) La Habana, Cuba. CD-ROM: ISBN 959-282-043-0. 679–704.
Auffenberg, W. (1967). Notes on West Indian tortoises. Herpetologica, 23, 34–44.
Barros, M. S., Silva, A. G., & Ferreira Junior, P. D. (2012). Morphological variations and sexual dimorphism in Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) and Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Testudinidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72, 153–161.
Cadena, E. A., Anaya, F., & Croft, D. A. (2015). Giant fossil tortoise and freshwater chelid turtle remains from the middle Miocene, Quebrada Honda, Bolivia: Evidence for lower paleoelevations for the southern Altiplano. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 64, 190–198.
Cooke, S. B., Mychajliw, A., Almonte, J. N., Feliz, G., McAfee, R. K., Turvey, S., & Lovett, S. (2018). A Late Pleistocene to Holocene Faunal Community in Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Submitted to the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Albuquerque, NM.
Cooke, S. B., Rosenberger, A. L., & Turvey, S. (2011). An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2699–2704.
De la Fuente, M. S., Zacarías, G. G., & Vlachos, E. (2018). A review of the fossil record of South American turtles of the clade Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 59(2), 269–286.
Ernst, C. H. (1998). Geochelone chilensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 668, 1–4.
Ernst, C. H., & Leuteritz, T. E. J. (1999a). Geochelone carbonaria. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 690, 1–7.
Ernst, C. H., & Leuteritz, T. E. J. (1999b). Geochelone denticulata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 691, 1–6.
Franz, R., Albury, N. A., & Steadman, D. W. (2020). Extinct tortoises from the Turks and Caicos Islands. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 58(1), 1–38.
Franz, R., & Franz, S. E. (2009). A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1–44.
Franz, R., & Woods, C. A. (1983). A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79–81.
Fritts, T. H. (1983). Morphometrics of Galapagos tortoises: evolutionary implications. In R. I. Bowman, M. Berson, and A. E. Leviton, (Eds.) Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms (107–122). AAAS Pacific Division.
Geneva, A. J., Hilton, J., Noll, S., & Glor, R. E. (2015). Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of Hispaniolan and Bahamian trunk anoles (distichus species group). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 87, 105–117.
Graham, A. (2003). Geohistory models and Cenozoic paleoenvironments of the Caribbean region. Systematic Botany, 28, 378–386.
Hastings, A. K., Krigbaum, J., Steadman, D. W., & Albury, N. A. (2014). Domination by reptiles in a terrestrial food web of the Bahamas prior to human occupation. Journal of Herpetology, 48(3), 380–388.
Hulbert Jr., R. C. (Ed.). 2001. The fossil vertebrates of Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. (2006). Meso-Cenozoic Caribbean paleogeography: implications for the historical biogeography of the region. International Geology Review, 48, 791–827.
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A., & MacPhee, R. D .E. (1999). Paleo-geography of the Caribbean region: Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 238, 1–95.
Joyce, W. G., & Bell, C. J. (2004). A review of the comparative morphology of extant testudinoid turtles (Reptilia: Testudines). Asiatic Herpetological Research, 10, 53–109.
Judd, W. S. (2007). Revision of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) in the Greater Antilles. Systematic Botany Monographs, 81, 1–235.
Kehlmaier, C., Albury, N. A., Steadman, D. W., Graciá, E., Franz, R., & Fritz, U. (2021). Ancient mitogenomics elucidates diversity of extinct West Indian tortoises. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1–9.
Kehlmaier, C., Barlow, A., Hastings, A. K., Vamberger, M., Paijmans, J. L. A., Steadman, D. W., Albury, N. A., Franz, R., Hofreiter, M., & Fritz, U. (2017) Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284, 20162235. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2235.
Landestoy T., M. A., Turner, D. B., Marion, A. B., & Hedges, S. B. (2018). A new species of Caribbean toad (Bufonidae, Peltophryne) from southern Hispaniola. Zootaxa, 4403, 523–539.
Leidy, J. (1868). Notice of some vertebrate remains from the West Indian Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 178–180.
Leuteritz, T. E., & Gantz, D. T. (2013). Sexual dimorphism in radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata). Chelonian Research Monographs, 6, 105–112.
Lourenço, J. M., Claude, J., Galtier, N., & Chiari, Y. (2012). Dating cryptodiran nodes: origin and diversification of the turtle superfamily Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62(1), 496–507.
Manzano, A. S., Noriega, J. I., & Joyce, W. G. (2009). The tropical tortoise Chelonoidis denticulata (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the late Pleistocene of Argentina and its paleoclimatological implications. Journal of Paleontology, 83(6), 975–980.
Maurrasse, F., Pierre-Louis, R., & Rigaud, J. G. (1980). Cenozoic facies distribution in the southern peninsula of Haiti and the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, and its relations concerning tectonic evolution of the La Selle-Baoruco block. Caribbean Geology, Collected Contributions, 9, 1–24.
McRae, W. A., Landers, J. L., & Cleveland, G. D. (1981). Sexual dimorphism in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Herpetologica, 46–52.
Orihuela, J., Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Vázquez, O. J., Mychajliw, A. M., de Lara, O. H., Lorenzo, L., & Soto-Centeno, J. A. (2020). Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba. Quaternary Science Reviews, 249, 106597.
Oriozabala, C., Sterli, J., & Ruiz, L. G. (2017). Morphology of the mid-sized tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Middle Miocene of Northwestern Chubut (Argentina). Ameghiniana, 55(1), 30–55.
Parham, J. F., Papenfuss, T. J., Van Dijk, P. P., Wilson, B. S., Marte, C., Schettino, L. R., & Simison, W. B. (2013). Genetic introgression and hybridization in Antillean freshwater turtles (Trachemys) revealed by coalescent analyses of mitochondrial and cloned nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(1), 176–187.
Poulakakis, N., Edwards, D. L., Chiari, Y., Garrick, R. C., Russello, M. A., Benavides, E., Watkins- Colwell, G. J., Glaberman, S., Tapia, W., Gibbs, J. P., & Cayot, L. J. (2015). Description of a new Galápagos giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz island. PLoS One, 10(10), e0138779.
Pritchard, P. C. H. (2013). Madagascar: Island Continent of Tortoises Great and Small. Chelonian Research Monographs, 6, 17–24.
Ramer, J. (2004). A survey of Ricord’s iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and Rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta) in Isla Cabritos National Park, Dominican Republic 2003: A preliminary report. Iguana, 11, 88–95.
Schwartz, A. (1980). The herpetogeography of Hispaniola West Indies. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 61(1), 86–127.
Sly, N. D., Townsend, A. K., Rimmer, C. C., Townsend, J. M., Latta, S. C., & Lovette, I. J. (2011). Ancient islands and modern invasions: disparate phylogeographic histories among Hispaniola’s endemic birds. Molecular Ecology, 20(23), 5012–5024.
Steadman, D. W., Albury, N. A., Carlson, L. A., Franz, R., LeFebvre, M. J., Kakuk, B., & Keegan, W. F. (2020). The paleoecology and extinction of endemic tortoises in the Bahamian Archipelago. The Holocene, 30(3), 420–427.
Steadman, D. W., Almonte Milan, J. N., & Mychajliw, A. M. (2019). An extinct eagle (Aves: Accipitridae) from the Quaternary of Hispaniola. Journal of Raptor Research, 53(3), 319–333.
Turvey, S. T., Almonte, J., Hansford, J., Scofield, R. P., Brocca, J. L., & Chapman, S. D. (2017). A new species of extinct late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa, 4277(1), 1–16.
Turvey, S. T., Peters, S., Brace, S., Young, R. P., Crumpton, N., Hansford, J., Nuñez-Miño, J. M., King, G., Tsalikidis, K., Ottenwalder, J. A., Timpson, A., Funk, S.M., Brocca, J.L., Thomas, M. G., & Barnes, I. (2016). Independent evolutionary histories in allopatric populations of a threatened Caribbean land mammal. Diversity and Distributions, 22, 589–602. https://doi. org/10.1111/ddi.12420.
Vargas Ramírez, M., Maran, J., & Fritz, U. (2010). Red-and yellow-footed tortoises, Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats? Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 10(2), 161–172.
Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Garrido, O. H., & Bermudez, A. (2018). Notes on Mesocapromys sanfelipensis (Rodentia: Capromyidae) from Cuba. Zootaxa, 4410(1), 164–176.
Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Bloch, J. I., Almonte, J. N., & LeFebvre, M. (2022). The biogeography and timing of extinction of endemic rodent on Hispaniola during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews. [Manuscript submitted for publication].
Vlachos, E. (2018). A review of the fossil record of North American turtles of the clade Pan- Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 59(1), 3–95.
Wang, E., Donatti, C. I., Ferreira, V. L., Raizer, J., & Himmelstein, J. (2011). Food habits and notes on the biology of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) (Testudinidae, Chelonia) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6(1), 11–19.
Williams, E. E. (1950). Testudo cubensis and the evolution of western hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 95(1), 1–36.
Williams, E. E. (1952). A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West-Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 99(9), 545–560.
Zacarias, G. G., de la Fuente, M. S., Fernández, M. S., & Zurita, A. E. (2013). Nueva especie de tortuga terrestre gigante del género Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835 (Cryptodira: Testudinidae), del Miembro inferior de la Formación Toropí/Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío/Lujanense), Bella Vista, Corrientes, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 50(3), 298–318.
Arredondo, C. (2007). Paleofauna, paleoambiente y subsistencia alimentaria de humanos tempranos en el noroeste de cuba central. Anthropos 2007. 1 Congreso Iberoamericano de Antropología. (5–9 de marzo de 2007) La Habana, Cuba. CD-ROM: ISBN 959-282-043-0. 679–704.
Auffenberg, W. (1967). Notes on West Indian tortoises. Herpetologica, 23, 34–44.
Barros, M. S., Silva, A. G., & Ferreira Junior, P. D. (2012). Morphological variations and sexual dimorphism in Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) and Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Testudinidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72, 153–161.
Cadena, E. A., Anaya, F., & Croft, D. A. (2015). Giant fossil tortoise and freshwater chelid turtle remains from the middle Miocene, Quebrada Honda, Bolivia: Evidence for lower paleoelevations for the southern Altiplano. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 64, 190–198.
Cooke, S. B., Mychajliw, A., Almonte, J. N., Feliz, G., McAfee, R. K., Turvey, S., & Lovett, S. (2018). A Late Pleistocene to Holocene Faunal Community in Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Submitted to the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Albuquerque, NM.
Cooke, S. B., Rosenberger, A. L., & Turvey, S. (2011). An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2699–2704.
De la Fuente, M. S., Zacarías, G. G., & Vlachos, E. (2018). A review of the fossil record of South American turtles of the clade Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 59(2), 269–286.
Ernst, C. H. (1998). Geochelone chilensis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 668, 1–4.
Ernst, C. H., & Leuteritz, T. E. J. (1999a). Geochelone carbonaria. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 690, 1–7.
Ernst, C. H., & Leuteritz, T. E. J. (1999b). Geochelone denticulata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 691, 1–6.
Franz, R., Albury, N. A., & Steadman, D. W. (2020). Extinct tortoises from the Turks and Caicos Islands. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 58(1), 1–38.
Franz, R., & Franz, S. E. (2009). A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1–44.
Franz, R., & Woods, C. A. (1983). A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79–81.
Fritts, T. H. (1983). Morphometrics of Galapagos tortoises: evolutionary implications. In R. I. Bowman, M. Berson, and A. E. Leviton, (Eds.) Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms (107–122). AAAS Pacific Division.
Geneva, A. J., Hilton, J., Noll, S., & Glor, R. E. (2015). Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of Hispaniolan and Bahamian trunk anoles (distichus species group). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 87, 105–117.
Graham, A. (2003). Geohistory models and Cenozoic paleoenvironments of the Caribbean region. Systematic Botany, 28, 378–386.
Hastings, A. K., Krigbaum, J., Steadman, D. W., & Albury, N. A. (2014). Domination by reptiles in a terrestrial food web of the Bahamas prior to human occupation. Journal of Herpetology, 48(3), 380–388.
Hulbert Jr., R. C. (Ed.). 2001. The fossil vertebrates of Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. (2006). Meso-Cenozoic Caribbean paleogeography: implications for the historical biogeography of the region. International Geology Review, 48, 791–827.
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A., & MacPhee, R. D .E. (1999). Paleo-geography of the Caribbean region: Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 238, 1–95.
Joyce, W. G., & Bell, C. J. (2004). A review of the comparative morphology of extant testudinoid turtles (Reptilia: Testudines). Asiatic Herpetological Research, 10, 53–109.
Judd, W. S. (2007). Revision of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) in the Greater Antilles. Systematic Botany Monographs, 81, 1–235.
Kehlmaier, C., Albury, N. A., Steadman, D. W., Graciá, E., Franz, R., & Fritz, U. (2021). Ancient mitogenomics elucidates diversity of extinct West Indian tortoises. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1–9.
Kehlmaier, C., Barlow, A., Hastings, A. K., Vamberger, M., Paijmans, J. L. A., Steadman, D. W., Albury, N. A., Franz, R., Hofreiter, M., & Fritz, U. (2017) Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284, 20162235. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2235.
Landestoy T., M. A., Turner, D. B., Marion, A. B., & Hedges, S. B. (2018). A new species of Caribbean toad (Bufonidae, Peltophryne) from southern Hispaniola. Zootaxa, 4403, 523–539.
Leidy, J. (1868). Notice of some vertebrate remains from the West Indian Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 178–180.
Leuteritz, T. E., & Gantz, D. T. (2013). Sexual dimorphism in radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata). Chelonian Research Monographs, 6, 105–112.
Lourenço, J. M., Claude, J., Galtier, N., & Chiari, Y. (2012). Dating cryptodiran nodes: origin and diversification of the turtle superfamily Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62(1), 496–507.
Manzano, A. S., Noriega, J. I., & Joyce, W. G. (2009). The tropical tortoise Chelonoidis denticulata (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the late Pleistocene of Argentina and its paleoclimatological implications. Journal of Paleontology, 83(6), 975–980.
Maurrasse, F., Pierre-Louis, R., & Rigaud, J. G. (1980). Cenozoic facies distribution in the southern peninsula of Haiti and the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, and its relations concerning tectonic evolution of the La Selle-Baoruco block. Caribbean Geology, Collected Contributions, 9, 1–24.
McRae, W. A., Landers, J. L., & Cleveland, G. D. (1981). Sexual dimorphism in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Herpetologica, 46–52.
Orihuela, J., Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Vázquez, O. J., Mychajliw, A. M., de Lara, O. H., Lorenzo, L., & Soto-Centeno, J. A. (2020). Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba. Quaternary Science Reviews, 249, 106597.
Oriozabala, C., Sterli, J., & Ruiz, L. G. (2017). Morphology of the mid-sized tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Middle Miocene of Northwestern Chubut (Argentina). Ameghiniana, 55(1), 30–55.
Parham, J. F., Papenfuss, T. J., Van Dijk, P. P., Wilson, B. S., Marte, C., Schettino, L. R., & Simison, W. B. (2013). Genetic introgression and hybridization in Antillean freshwater turtles (Trachemys) revealed by coalescent analyses of mitochondrial and cloned nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(1), 176–187.
Poulakakis, N., Edwards, D. L., Chiari, Y., Garrick, R. C., Russello, M. A., Benavides, E., Watkins- Colwell, G. J., Glaberman, S., Tapia, W., Gibbs, J. P., & Cayot, L. J. (2015). Description of a new Galápagos giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz island. PLoS One, 10(10), e0138779.
Pritchard, P. C. H. (2013). Madagascar: Island Continent of Tortoises Great and Small. Chelonian Research Monographs, 6, 17–24.
Ramer, J. (2004). A survey of Ricord’s iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and Rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta) in Isla Cabritos National Park, Dominican Republic 2003: A preliminary report. Iguana, 11, 88–95.
Schwartz, A. (1980). The herpetogeography of Hispaniola West Indies. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 61(1), 86–127.
Sly, N. D., Townsend, A. K., Rimmer, C. C., Townsend, J. M., Latta, S. C., & Lovette, I. J. (2011). Ancient islands and modern invasions: disparate phylogeographic histories among Hispaniola’s endemic birds. Molecular Ecology, 20(23), 5012–5024.
Steadman, D. W., Albury, N. A., Carlson, L. A., Franz, R., LeFebvre, M. J., Kakuk, B., & Keegan, W. F. (2020). The paleoecology and extinction of endemic tortoises in the Bahamian Archipelago. The Holocene, 30(3), 420–427.
Steadman, D. W., Almonte Milan, J. N., & Mychajliw, A. M. (2019). An extinct eagle (Aves: Accipitridae) from the Quaternary of Hispaniola. Journal of Raptor Research, 53(3), 319–333.
Turvey, S. T., Almonte, J., Hansford, J., Scofield, R. P., Brocca, J. L., & Chapman, S. D. (2017). A new species of extinct late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa, 4277(1), 1–16.
Turvey, S. T., Peters, S., Brace, S., Young, R. P., Crumpton, N., Hansford, J., Nuñez-Miño, J. M., King, G., Tsalikidis, K., Ottenwalder, J. A., Timpson, A., Funk, S.M., Brocca, J.L., Thomas, M. G., & Barnes, I. (2016). Independent evolutionary histories in allopatric populations of a threatened Caribbean land mammal. Diversity and Distributions, 22, 589–602. https://doi. org/10.1111/ddi.12420.
Vargas Ramírez, M., Maran, J., & Fritz, U. (2010). Red-and yellow-footed tortoises, Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats? Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 10(2), 161–172.
Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Garrido, O. H., & Bermudez, A. (2018). Notes on Mesocapromys sanfelipensis (Rodentia: Capromyidae) from Cuba. Zootaxa, 4410(1), 164–176.
Viñola-Lopez, L. W., Bloch, J. I., Almonte, J. N., & LeFebvre, M. (2022). The biogeography and timing of extinction of endemic rodent on Hispaniola during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews. [Manuscript submitted for publication].
Vlachos, E. (2018). A review of the fossil record of North American turtles of the clade Pan- Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 59(1), 3–95.
Wang, E., Donatti, C. I., Ferreira, V. L., Raizer, J., & Himmelstein, J. (2011). Food habits and notes on the biology of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) (Testudinidae, Chelonia) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6(1), 11–19.
Williams, E. E. (1950). Testudo cubensis and the evolution of western hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 95(1), 1–36.
Williams, E. E. (1952). A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West-Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 99(9), 545–560.
Zacarias, G. G., de la Fuente, M. S., Fernández, M. S., & Zurita, A. E. (2013). Nueva especie de tortuga terrestre gigante del género Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835 (Cryptodira: Testudinidae), del Miembro inferior de la Formación Toropí/Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío/Lujanense), Bella Vista, Corrientes, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 50(3), 298–318.
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How to Cite
Viñola-López, L. W., & Almonte, J. N. (2022). Revision of the fossil land tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from Hispaniola with the description of a new species. Novitates Caribaea, (20), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi20.302
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