La historia reciente de una población insular de murciélagos revela un desequilibrio medioambiental y preocupaciones por su conservación
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Publicado
ene 22, 2024
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Resumen
Con la pandemia global de Covid-19, se han resaltado las amenazas putativas relacionadas con el aumento del contacto entre animales salvajes, incluidos los murciélagos, y las poblaciones humanas. Es cierto que los murciélagos son conocidos por portar varias zoonosis, pero al mismo tiempo, muchas especies enfrentan actualmente el riesgo de extinción. En este contexto, poder monitorear la evolución de las poblaciones de murciélagos a largo plazo y prever el futuro contacto potencial con los humanos tiene importantes implicaciones para la conservación y la salud pública. En este estudio, intentamos demostrar la utilidad de un enfoque paleobiológico a pequeña escala para seguir la evolución de una población insular de murciélagos frugívoros antillanos (Brachyphylla cavernarum), conocidos por portar zoonosis, documentando la evolución temporal de un sitio de descanso en una cueva y su colonia de aproximadamente 250 000 individuos. Para hacerlo, realizamos un análisis estratigráfico del relleno sedimentario de la cueva, así como un análisis tafonómico y paleobiológico del contenido óseo del sedimento. Además, llevamos a cabo un estudio neotafonómico de un conjunto de heces producidas por gatos que habían consumido murciélagos en el lugar. Nuestros resultados revelan los efectos de las perturbaciones ambientales inducidas por humanos, así como las políticas de conservación, en la colonia de murciélagos. También demuestran que el sitio de descanso se está llenando actualmente a un ritmo muy rápido, lo que podría llevar al desplazamiento de la colonia de murciélagos y a un aumento del contacto entre murciélagos y poblaciones humanas en el futuro cercano. Los resultados de nuestra investigación abogan por una mejor consideración de los datos paleobiológicos retrospectivos para abordar preguntas de conservación relacionadas con las poblaciones de murciélagos.
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Palabras Clave
Antillas Francesas, Martinica, isla, paleoecología, tafonomía
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Catzeflis, F., Issartel, G., & Jemin, J. (2019). New data on the bats of Martinique island (Lesser Antilles). Mammalia, 83(5), 501–514.
Cosson, J.-F., Pons, J.-F., & Masson, D. (1999). Effects of forest fragmentation on frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in French Guiana. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 15, 515–534.
Delaval, M., & Charles-Dominique, P. (2006). Edge effects on frugivorous and nectarivorous bat communities in a neotropical primary forest in French Guiana. Revue d’écologie (Terre Vie), 61(4), 343–352.
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Bochaton, C., Picard, R., Cochard, D., Conche, V., Lidour, K., & Lenoble, A. (2024). La historia reciente de una población insular de murciélagos revela un desequilibrio medioambiental y preocupaciones por su conservación. Novitates Caribaea, (23), 22–50. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi23.346
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