Census of the American Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) in Haiti
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Published
Jul 25, 2024
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Abstract
An aerial census of the American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) was conducted during February 20–27, 2024, in Haiti. Nineteen wetland sites were surveyed by fixed-wing aircraft over 4 days. Flamingos were detected at 5 sites and totaled an estimated 1333 individuals. The highest number of individuals was observed at the Estère mangroves and wetlands (1000), followed by Lac Azuéi (229), Lagon Grand Vide (76), Ile-à-Vache (25) and Pointe Mangle (3). It was not possible to census all the areas in Haiti where flamingos are known or expected to occur. Coastal areas that were omitted from this census included the western Tiburon Peninsula, the Cayemites, the Northwest, the Southeast and Tortuga Island. The census is likely an underestimate of the actual population in Haiti during the period of the study. Historical and recent data were compiled to map the distribution of the species in Haiti. It is recommended that Haiti increase the area of protected wetlands to ensure adequate feeding and resting habitats, but also to expand their spatial and temporal coverage and ensure conditions for breeding residents.
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Caribbean, Hispaniola, Haiti, American Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber, bird census
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BirdLife International. (2021). Phoenicopterus ruber. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22729706A138951737.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22729706A138951737.en Accessed on 27 April 2024.
BirdLife International. (2023). Country profile: Haiti. https://datazone.birdlife.org/country/ haiti. Downloaded: 2023-02-12.
Bond, J. (1928). The distribution and habits of the birds of the Republic of Haiti. Proceedings of the Academy of National Sciences, 80, 483–521.
Brooks, T. & L. M. Davalos. (2001). The birds of Ile-à-Vache, Haiti. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37(1–2), 113–115.
Cézilly, F., Gowthorpe, P., Lamarche, B., & Johnson, A. R. (1994). Observations on the breeding of the Caribbean Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, in the Banc d’Arguin National Park, Mauritania. Colonial Waterbirds, 17, 181–183.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (1998). Observations for September 1998. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (2000). Observations for January, 2001. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (2001). Observations for October, 2001. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G. Jr. (2004). Observations for January, 2004. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G. Jr. (2005). Observations for March, 2005. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Danforth, S. T. (1929). Notes on the birds of Hispaniola. Auk, 46(3), 358–375.
Frias-Soler, R., Bauer, A., Grohme, M. A., López, G. E., Costa, M. G., Llanes-Quevedo, A., Slobbe, F. van, Frohme, M. & Wink, M. (2022). Phylogeny of the order Phoenicopteriformes and population genetics of the Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber: Aves). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 196(4), 1485–1504. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac040
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Goetz, J. (2019b). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S61369355. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://ebird.org. (Accessed: April 26, 2024).
Keith, A. R., Wiley, J. W., Latta, S. C., & Ottenwalder, J. A. (2003). The birds of Hispaniola. Haiti and the Dominican Republic. British Ornithologists’ Union.
Kramer, P., Atis, M., Schill, S., Williams, S. M., Freid, E., Moore, G., Martinez-Sanchez, J. C., Benjamin, F., Cyprien, L. S., Alexis, J. R., Grizzle, R., Ward, K., Marks, K., & Grenda, D. (2016). Baseline Ecological Inventory for Three Bays National Park, Haiti. TNC Report to IDB.
McGovern, M. (2018). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S48993903. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://ebird.org. (Accessed: April 26, 2024).
Ottenwalder, J. A., Woods, C. A., Rathburn, G. B., & Thorbjarnarson, J. B. (1990). Status of the American Flamingo in Haiti. Colonial Waterbirds, 13(2), 115–123.
Paulino, M. M., Mejía, D. A., & Latta, S. C. (2010). A new review of the status of the Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Bulletin of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands International Flamingo Specialist Group, 18, 62–66.
Redfern, J. V., Viljoen, P. C., Kruger, J. M., & Getz, W. M. (2002). Biases in estimating population size from an aerial census: A case study in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 98(9), 455–461.
Sanz D’Angelo, V. (2019). Historical records and increasing trends of Caribbean Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 55(1), 10–22.
Sergile, F. (2008). Haiti. In: Wedge, D.C., Anadón-Irizarry, V. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in the Caribbean: Key sites for conservation. BirdLife International.
Torres-Cristiani, L., Machkour-M’Rabet, S., Calme, S., Weissenberger, H., & Escalona-Segura, G. (2020). Assessment of the American Flamingo distribution, trends, and important breeding areas. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0244117. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0244117
Wetmore, A., & Swales, B. H. (1931). The birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 155, 1–483.
Wiley, J. W., & Wiley, B. N. (1979). Status of the American Flamingo in the Dominican Republic and Eastern Haiti. Auk, 96(3), 615–619.
BirdLife International. (2021). Phoenicopterus ruber. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22729706A138951737.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22729706A138951737.en Accessed on 27 April 2024.
BirdLife International. (2023). Country profile: Haiti. https://datazone.birdlife.org/country/ haiti. Downloaded: 2023-02-12.
Bond, J. (1928). The distribution and habits of the birds of the Republic of Haiti. Proceedings of the Academy of National Sciences, 80, 483–521.
Brooks, T. & L. M. Davalos. (2001). The birds of Ile-à-Vache, Haiti. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37(1–2), 113–115.
Cézilly, F., Gowthorpe, P., Lamarche, B., & Johnson, A. R. (1994). Observations on the breeding of the Caribbean Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, in the Banc d’Arguin National Park, Mauritania. Colonial Waterbirds, 17, 181–183.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (1998). Observations for September 1998. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (2000). Observations for January, 2001. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G., Jr. (2001). Observations for October, 2001. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G. Jr. (2004). Observations for January, 2004. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Crouse, D. G. Jr. (2005). Observations for March, 2005. Unpublished bird field notes, W. Palm Beach, FL.
Danforth, S. T. (1929). Notes on the birds of Hispaniola. Auk, 46(3), 358–375.
Frias-Soler, R., Bauer, A., Grohme, M. A., López, G. E., Costa, M. G., Llanes-Quevedo, A., Slobbe, F. van, Frohme, M. & Wink, M. (2022). Phylogeny of the order Phoenicopteriformes and population genetics of the Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber: Aves). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 196(4), 1485–1504. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac040
Goetz, J. (2019a). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S60557831. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://ebird.org. (Accessed: April 26, 2024).
Goetz, J. (2019b). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S61369355. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://ebird.org. (Accessed: April 26, 2024).
Keith, A. R., Wiley, J. W., Latta, S. C., & Ottenwalder, J. A. (2003). The birds of Hispaniola. Haiti and the Dominican Republic. British Ornithologists’ Union.
Kramer, P., Atis, M., Schill, S., Williams, S. M., Freid, E., Moore, G., Martinez-Sanchez, J. C., Benjamin, F., Cyprien, L. S., Alexis, J. R., Grizzle, R., Ward, K., Marks, K., & Grenda, D. (2016). Baseline Ecological Inventory for Three Bays National Park, Haiti. TNC Report to IDB.
McGovern, M. (2018). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S48993903. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://ebird.org. (Accessed: April 26, 2024).
Ottenwalder, J. A., Woods, C. A., Rathburn, G. B., & Thorbjarnarson, J. B. (1990). Status of the American Flamingo in Haiti. Colonial Waterbirds, 13(2), 115–123.
Paulino, M. M., Mejía, D. A., & Latta, S. C. (2010). A new review of the status of the Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Bulletin of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands International Flamingo Specialist Group, 18, 62–66.
Redfern, J. V., Viljoen, P. C., Kruger, J. M., & Getz, W. M. (2002). Biases in estimating population size from an aerial census: A case study in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 98(9), 455–461.
Sanz D’Angelo, V. (2019). Historical records and increasing trends of Caribbean Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 55(1), 10–22.
Sergile, F. (2008). Haiti. In: Wedge, D.C., Anadón-Irizarry, V. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in the Caribbean: Key sites for conservation. BirdLife International.
Torres-Cristiani, L., Machkour-M’Rabet, S., Calme, S., Weissenberger, H., & Escalona-Segura, G. (2020). Assessment of the American Flamingo distribution, trends, and important breeding areas. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0244117. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0244117
Wetmore, A., & Swales, B. H. (1931). The birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 155, 1–483.
Wiley, J. W., & Wiley, B. N. (1979). Status of the American Flamingo in the Dominican Republic and Eastern Haiti. Auk, 96(3), 615–619.
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How to Cite
Timyan, J., Bonifassi, A.-I., & Exantus, J.-M. (2024). Census of the American Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) in Haiti. Novitates Caribaea, (24), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi24.353
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