Population estimates of bat assemblages from hot caves in Puerto Rico
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Published
Jul 14, 2023
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Abstract
Knowledge about the number of bats roosting in caves is critical for their long-term conservation. These roosts may function as shelter from weather or predators, information and social centers, or as nurseries. We provide estimates of bat population from 12 hot caves in Puerto Rico, based on infrared reflectance technology. Populations ranged from a few thousands of individuals to several hundred thousand. At nine caves, estimates were performed twice at different periods during the reproductive cycle. Some caves showed notable variations in the size of the population. A database of caves used by bats throughout the island is also provided, as well as information on the species that have been identified at each cave.
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West Indies, Antilles, population size, seasonality, reproduction, conservation
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Bell, G. P., Bartholomew, G. A., & Nagy, K. A. (1986). The roles of energetics, water economy, foraging behavior, and geothermal refugia in the distribution of the bat Macrotus californicus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 156, 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01101107
Boyles, J. G., Cryan, P. M., McCracken, G. F., & Kunz, T. H. (2011). Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science, 332, 41–42. https://10.1126/science.1201366
Calderón-Acevedo, C., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Soto-Centeno, A. J. (2021). Effect of land use, habitat suitability, and hurricanes on the population connectivity of an endemic insular bat. Nature Scientific Reports, 11, 9115, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88616-7
Furey, N. M. & Racey, P. A. (2016). Conservation ecology of cave bats. In C. C. Voigt and T. Kingston (Eds.), Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of bats in a changing world (pp. 463–500). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_15
Gamble, D. W., Dogwiler, J. T., & Mylroie, J. (2000). Field assessment of the microclimatology of tropical flank margin caves. Climate Research, 16, 37–50. https://10.3354/cr016037
Gannon, M. R., Kurta, A., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Willig, M. R. (2005). Bats of Puerto Rico: An island focus and a Caribbean perspective. Texas Tech University Press.
Hayes, J. P., Ober, H. K., & Sherwin, R. E. (2009). Survey and monitoring of bats. In T. H. Kunz & S. Parson, (Eds.), Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. John Hopkins University Press.
Jones, K. E., Barlow, K. E., Vaughan, N., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Gannon, M. R. (2001). Short term impacts of extreme environmental disturbance on the bats of Puerto Rico. Animal Conservation, 4, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943001001068
Kunz, T. H. (1982). Roosting ecology of bats. In T. H. Kunz (Ed.) Ecology of Bats. Plenum Press. https://10.1007/978-1-4613-3421-7_1
Kunz, T. H. & Lumsen, L. F. (2003). Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. In T. H. Kunz & M. B. Fenton (Eds.) Bat Ecology. The University of Chicago Press. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655329
Kunz, T. H., Betke, M., Hristov, N. I., & Vonhof, M. J. (2009). Methods for assessing colony size, population size, and relative abundance of bats. In T. H. Kunz & S. Parson (Eds.) Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. John Hopkins University Press.
Kunz, T. H., de Torrez, E. B., Bauer, D., Lobova, T., & Fleming, T. H. (2011). Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1223, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x
Kurta, A. & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2023). Bats of the West Indies: A Natural History and Field Guide. Cornell University Press (In press).
Ladle, R. J., Firmino, J. V. L., Malhado, A. C. M., & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2012). Unexplored diversity and Conservation potential of Neotropical hot caves. Conservation Biology, 26, 978–982. https://10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01936.x
Lugo, A., Miranda Castro, L., Vale, A., López, T., Hernández Prieto, E., García Martinó, A., Puente Rolón, A., Tossas, G., McFarlane, D., Miller, T., Rodríguez, A., Lundberg, J., Thomlinson, J., Colón, J., Schellekens, J., Ramos, O., & Helmer, E. (2001). Puerto Rican Karst – A Vital Resource. (Technical Report WO – 65). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
Padilla-Rodríguez, E. (2021). Distribución de las cuevas calientes en la zona del carso con prioridad de conservación de Puerto Rico. Perspectivas en Asuntos Ambientales, 9, 55–66. https://documento.uagm.edu/cupey/perspectivas/p_perspectivas_9_2021_55-66.pdf
Rivera-Marchand, B. & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2001). Preliminary observations on the renal adaptations of bats roosting in hot caves in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37, 272–274.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1995). Metabolic rates and thermal conductance in four species of Neotropical bats roosting in hot caves. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 110, 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)00174-R
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1996). Foraging ecology of the Puerto Rican boa (Epicrates inornatus): Bat predation, carrion feeding, and piracy. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 533–536. https://doi.org/10.2307/1565698
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1998). Nonrandom aggregations and distribution of cave-dwelling bats in Puerto Rico. Journal of Mammalogy, 79, 141–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382848
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2005). Murciélagos. In J. Joglar, (Ed.) Biodiversidad en Puerto Rico: Vertebrados Terrestres y Ecosistemas. ICPR and Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2009). Bat assemblages in the West Indies: The role of caves. In T. H. Fleming and P. Racey (Eds.) Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation. The University of Chicago Press.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2020). Roosting ecology, the importance of detailed description. In Theodore H. Fleming, Liliana Davalos, and Marco Mello (Eds.) Phyllostomid Bats, a Unique Mammalian Radiation. The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/ chicago/9780226696263.003.0018
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Lewis, A. R. (1987). Patterns of population size, diet, and activity time for a multispecies assemblage of bats at a cave in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 23, 352–360.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Christenson, K. (2012). Breviario sobre los Murciélagos de Puerto Rico, La Española y las Islas Vírgenes. Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico y Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Kunz, T. H. (2001). Biogeography of West Indian bats: An ecological perspective. In C. A. Woods & F. E. Sergile (Eds.) Biogeography of the west Indies: Patterns and Perspectives. CRC Press, NY.
Silva-Taboada, G. (1979). Los murciélagos de Cuba. Editorial de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana.
Bell, G. P., Bartholomew, G. A., & Nagy, K. A. (1986). The roles of energetics, water economy, foraging behavior, and geothermal refugia in the distribution of the bat Macrotus californicus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 156, 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01101107
Boyles, J. G., Cryan, P. M., McCracken, G. F., & Kunz, T. H. (2011). Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science, 332, 41–42. https://10.1126/science.1201366
Calderón-Acevedo, C., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Soto-Centeno, A. J. (2021). Effect of land use, habitat suitability, and hurricanes on the population connectivity of an endemic insular bat. Nature Scientific Reports, 11, 9115, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88616-7
Furey, N. M. & Racey, P. A. (2016). Conservation ecology of cave bats. In C. C. Voigt and T. Kingston (Eds.), Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of bats in a changing world (pp. 463–500). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_15
Gamble, D. W., Dogwiler, J. T., & Mylroie, J. (2000). Field assessment of the microclimatology of tropical flank margin caves. Climate Research, 16, 37–50. https://10.3354/cr016037
Gannon, M. R., Kurta, A., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Willig, M. R. (2005). Bats of Puerto Rico: An island focus and a Caribbean perspective. Texas Tech University Press.
Hayes, J. P., Ober, H. K., & Sherwin, R. E. (2009). Survey and monitoring of bats. In T. H. Kunz & S. Parson, (Eds.), Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. John Hopkins University Press.
Jones, K. E., Barlow, K. E., Vaughan, N., Rodríguez-Durán, A., & Gannon, M. R. (2001). Short term impacts of extreme environmental disturbance on the bats of Puerto Rico. Animal Conservation, 4, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943001001068
Kunz, T. H. (1982). Roosting ecology of bats. In T. H. Kunz (Ed.) Ecology of Bats. Plenum Press. https://10.1007/978-1-4613-3421-7_1
Kunz, T. H. & Lumsen, L. F. (2003). Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. In T. H. Kunz & M. B. Fenton (Eds.) Bat Ecology. The University of Chicago Press. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655329
Kunz, T. H., Betke, M., Hristov, N. I., & Vonhof, M. J. (2009). Methods for assessing colony size, population size, and relative abundance of bats. In T. H. Kunz & S. Parson (Eds.) Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. John Hopkins University Press.
Kunz, T. H., de Torrez, E. B., Bauer, D., Lobova, T., & Fleming, T. H. (2011). Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1223, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x
Kurta, A. & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2023). Bats of the West Indies: A Natural History and Field Guide. Cornell University Press (In press).
Ladle, R. J., Firmino, J. V. L., Malhado, A. C. M., & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2012). Unexplored diversity and Conservation potential of Neotropical hot caves. Conservation Biology, 26, 978–982. https://10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01936.x
Lugo, A., Miranda Castro, L., Vale, A., López, T., Hernández Prieto, E., García Martinó, A., Puente Rolón, A., Tossas, G., McFarlane, D., Miller, T., Rodríguez, A., Lundberg, J., Thomlinson, J., Colón, J., Schellekens, J., Ramos, O., & Helmer, E. (2001). Puerto Rican Karst – A Vital Resource. (Technical Report WO – 65). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
Padilla-Rodríguez, E. (2021). Distribución de las cuevas calientes en la zona del carso con prioridad de conservación de Puerto Rico. Perspectivas en Asuntos Ambientales, 9, 55–66. https://documento.uagm.edu/cupey/perspectivas/p_perspectivas_9_2021_55-66.pdf
Rivera-Marchand, B. & Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2001). Preliminary observations on the renal adaptations of bats roosting in hot caves in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37, 272–274.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1995). Metabolic rates and thermal conductance in four species of Neotropical bats roosting in hot caves. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 110, 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)00174-R
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1996). Foraging ecology of the Puerto Rican boa (Epicrates inornatus): Bat predation, carrion feeding, and piracy. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 533–536. https://doi.org/10.2307/1565698
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (1998). Nonrandom aggregations and distribution of cave-dwelling bats in Puerto Rico. Journal of Mammalogy, 79, 141–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382848
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2005). Murciélagos. In J. Joglar, (Ed.) Biodiversidad en Puerto Rico: Vertebrados Terrestres y Ecosistemas. ICPR and Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2009). Bat assemblages in the West Indies: The role of caves. In T. H. Fleming and P. Racey (Eds.) Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation. The University of Chicago Press.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. (2020). Roosting ecology, the importance of detailed description. In Theodore H. Fleming, Liliana Davalos, and Marco Mello (Eds.) Phyllostomid Bats, a Unique Mammalian Radiation. The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/ chicago/9780226696263.003.0018
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Lewis, A. R. (1987). Patterns of population size, diet, and activity time for a multispecies assemblage of bats at a cave in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 23, 352–360.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Christenson, K. (2012). Breviario sobre los Murciélagos de Puerto Rico, La Española y las Islas Vírgenes. Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico y Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Kunz, T. H. (2001). Biogeography of West Indian bats: An ecological perspective. In C. A. Woods & F. E. Sergile (Eds.) Biogeography of the west Indies: Patterns and Perspectives. CRC Press, NY.
Silva-Taboada, G. (1979). Los murciélagos de Cuba. Editorial de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana.
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How to Cite
Rodríguez-Durán, A., Nieves, N. A., Avilés Ruiz, Y., Martínez, Y., & Andújar-Morales, K. (2023). Population estimates of bat assemblages from hot caves in Puerto Rico. Novitates Caribaea, (22), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi22.336
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