Disentangling diversity patterns in Cuban scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
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Published
Jan 17, 2022
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Abstract
The assembly of communities is often viewed as a process involving the dispersal of species from a regional pool. An oceanic island provides a unique opportunity to test such a hypothesis and many others related to the patterns and processes behind biodiversity. Our aim was to investigate the patterns of scorpion diversity in the Cuban archipelago, using biotic and abiotic variables and their interactions as explanatory features. We use biotic and abiotic variables related to vegetation, climate and topography characterize the landscape of the Cuban archipelago. In this way, we analyze the patterns of beta diversity of the scorpions, verifying the effects of the variables alone and together. Scorpion fauna of the Cuban archipelago comprises 61 species, grouped into nine genera and two families: Buthidae and Diplocentridae. The interplay between biotic and abiotic variables explained scorpion species composition, especially when spatial predictors were considered. Climatic and spatial predictors affected scorpion beta diversity in terms of richness difference. These patterns are discussed emphasizing the role of biotic and abiotic environmental features and their interactions on the mechanisms of scorpion biodiversity generation and maintenance in Cuban archipelago.
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species distribution, beta diversity, landscape ecology, island biogeography, Greater Antilles
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Fergnani, P. N., & A. Ruggiero. 2017. The latitudinal diversity gradient in South American mammals revisited using a regional analysis approach: The importance of climate at extra–tropical latitudes and history towards the tropics. Plos One, 12: e0184057.
Foerster, S. I. A., A. M. DeSouza, & A. F. A. Lira. 2019. Macroecological approach for scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones): β–diversity in Brazilian montane forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 97: 914–921.
Foerster, S. Í. A., A. F. A. Lira, & C. G. Almeida. 2020. Vegetation structure as the main source of variability in scorpion assemblages at small spatial scales and further considerations for the conservation of Caatinga landscapes. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 15: 533–550.
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Iturralde-Vinent, M. A., & R. D. E. MacPhee. 1999. Paleogeography of the Caribbean region: Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 238: 1–95.
Jetz, W., D. S. Wilcove, & A. P. Dobson. 2007. Projected impacts of climate and land–use change on the global diversity of birds. PLoS Biology, 5: e157.
Jiménez-Valverde, A., A. Baselga, A. Melic, & N. Txasko. 2010. Climate and regional beta-diversity gradients in spiders: dispersal capacity has nothing to say? Insect Conservation and Diversity, 3: 51–60.
Latham, J., R. Cumani, I. Rosati, & M. Bloise. 2014. Global land cover share (GLC–SHARE) database beta–release version 1.0–2014. FAO: Rome, Italy. Acessed 20 May 2019.
Legendre, P. 2014. Interpreting the replacement and richness difference components of beta diversity: Replacement and richness difference components. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23: 1324–1334.
Legendre, P., & M. J. Anderson. 1999. Distance-based redundancy analysis: testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments. Ecological Monography, 69: 1–24.
Lira, A. F. A., R. Badillo-Montaño, A. Lira-Noriega, & C. M. R. Albuquerque. 2020. Potential distribution patterns of scorpions in north–eastern Brazil under scenarios of future climate change. Austral Ecology, 45: 215–228.
Lira, A. F. A., S. Í. A. Foerster, R. P. Salomão, T. J. Porto, C. M. R. Albuquerque, & G. J. B. Moura. 2021a. Understanding the effects of human disturbance on scorpion diversity in Brazilian tropical forests. Journal of Insect Conservation, 25: 147–158.
Lira, A. F. A., J. C. Araújo, F. N. A. A. Rego, S. Í. A. Foerster, & C. M. R. Albuquerque. 2021b. Habitat heterogeneity shapes and shifts scorpion assemblages in a Brazilian seasonal dry tropical forest. Journal of Arid Environments, 186: 104413.
Lira, A. F. A., L. M. Pordeus, R. P. Salomão, R. Badillo-Montaño, & C. M. R. Albuquerque. 2019b. Effects of anthropogenic land–use on scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Neotropical forests. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 39: 211–218.
Lira, A. F. A., R. P. Salomão, & C. M. R. Albuquerque. 2019a. Pattern of scorpion diversity across a bioclimatic dry–wet gradient in Neotropical forests. Acta Oecologica, 96: 10–17.
Liu, J., M. Vellend, Z. Wang, & M. Yu. 2018. High beta diversity among small islands is due to environmental heterogeneity rather than ecological drift. Journal of Biogeography, 45: 2252–2261.
Losos, J. B. 2010. Adaptive radiation, ecological opportunity, and evolutionary determinism: American society of naturalists E. O. Wilson award address. The American Naturalists, 175: 623–639.
Mahler, D. L., T. Ingram, L. J. Revell, & J. B. Losos. 2013. Exceptional convergence on the macroevolutionary landscape in Island lizard radiations. Science, 341: 292–295.
Mahler, D. L., L. J. Revell, R. E. Glor, & J. B. Losos. 2010. Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of greater Antillean Anoles: opportunity and rate in Anolis lizards. Evolution, 64: 2731–2745.
McArdle, B. H., & M. J. Anderson. 2001. Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance–based redundancy analysis. Ecology, 82: 290–297.
MacArthur, R. H., & E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, & J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 203: 853–858.
Mittelbach, G. G., & D. W. Schemske. 2015. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on community assembly. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30: 241–247.
Mittermeier, R. A., P. R. Gil, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, C. G. Mittermeier, J. Lamoreux, G. A. B. da Fonseca, P. A. Seligmann, & H. Ford. 2005. Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions conservation international, Mexico City. Conservation International Edition.
Moura, M. R., F. Villalobos, G. C. Costa, & P. C. A. Garcia. 2016. Disentangling the Role of Climate, Topography and Vegetation in Species Richness Gradients. Plos One, 11: e0152468.
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de Araújo Lira, A. F., Araújo Foerster, S. Ítalo, Medeiros DeSouza, A. ., & de Armas, L. F. (2022). Disentangling diversity patterns in Cuban scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Novitates Caribaea, (19), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi19.290
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