Drymaeus virgulatus, an extirpated land snail species on Saint Kitts and Tintamarre islands
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Published
Jul 15, 2021
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Abstract
The land snail species Drymaeus virgulatus (Férussac, 1821) is recorded in St. Kitts in the form of 21 complete or fragmented shells collected on the island in November 2019. The complete shells were collected on the backshores of South Frigate Bay and Majors Bay, while shell fragments come from naturally exposed sections of the North Frigate Bay sand ridge, where they date to the pre-Columbian period. This evidence therefore attests to the past presence of this species on the island. The absence of this taxon from recent malacological surveys points to it having been extirpated from St. Kitts. Apertural fragments of a large bulimulidae collected in the caves of Tintamarre Island, near St. Martin, are also related to this taxon, adding a second West Indian island from which this species apparently disappeared in recent centuries.
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Terrestrial molluscs, new record, local extinction, St. Kitts & Nevis, Saint Martin
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Baker, H. B. 1924. Land and freshwater molluscs of the Dutch Leewards islands. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology-University of Michigan, 152: 1?160.
Bailon, S., C. Bochaton, & A. Lenoble. 2015. New data on Pleistocene and Holocene herpetofauna of Marie Galante (Blanchard Cave, Guadeloupe Islands, French West Indies): Insular Faunal Turnover and Human Impact. Quaternary Science Reviews, 128: 125?137.
Barstow, M. 2019. Guaiacum officinale. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019:e. T33701A68085935. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20191.RLTS.T33701A68085935.en (downloaded: 03 February 2021).
Beard, J. S. 1949. The natural vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Island. Oxford Forestry Memoirs 21. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 192 pp.
Bertrand, A. 2001. Notes préliminaires sur les mollusques terrestres de Guadeloupe. Diren Guadeloupe, Basse-Terre, 35 pp.
Bertran, P. 2012. Dynamique côtière dans les Petites Antilles françaises et archéologie amérindienne. Géologues, 173: 91?94.
Bochaton, C., R. Boistel, S. Grouard, I. Ineich, A. Tresset, & S. Bailon. 2019. Fossil Dipsadid Snakes from the Guadeloupe Islands (French West-Indies) and Their Interactions with Past Human Populations. Geodiversitas, 41(12): 501?522.
Bochaton, C., D. Cochard, M. Gala, J. Chalifour, & A. Lenoble. 2020. Initial observations of the subfossil fauna from Tintamarre island (Anguilla Bank, Lesser Antilles). Quaternaire, 31 (4): 327?340.
Bochaton C., L. Charles, & A. Lenoble. 2021. Historical and fossil evidence of an extinct endemic species of Leiocephalus (Squamata: Leiocephalidae) from the Guadeloupe Islands. Zootaxa, 4297 (3): 383?409.
Bonnissent, D., N. Serrand, L. Bruxelles, P. Fouéré, S. Grouard, N. Sellier-Ségard, & C. Stouvenot. 2016. Archéoécologie des sociétés insulaires des Petites Antilles au Mésoindien, (213?260). In: Dupont, C., & G. Marchand (Eds.), Archéologie des chasseurscueilleurs maritimes. De la fonction des habitats à l’organisation de l’espace littoral. Société Préhistorique française, Paris.
Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Pointier. 1998. Les mollusques terrestres et dulçaquicoles de la Guadeloupe. Rapport d’étude. National Museum of Natural History, Paris, 25 pp.
Breure, A. S. H. 1974. Caribbean land molluscs: Bulimulidae, I. Bulimulus. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 45: 1?80.
Breure, A. S. H., A. Hovestadt, A. Fields, & D. G. Robinson. 2016. The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species. Nautilus, 130 (2): 27?52.
Charles, L. 2015. Mollusques terrestres de l’archipel de la Guadeloupe, Petites Antilles. DEAL Guadeloupe, Basse-Terre, 100 pp.
Cooke, S. B., L. M. Davalos, A. M. Mychajliw, S. T. Turvey, & N. S. Upham. 2017. Anthropogenic extinction dominates Holocene declines of West Indian mammals. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 48: 301?327.
Espinosa, A., & D. G. Robinson, 2021. Annotated cheklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola island. Novitates Caribaea, 17: 71?146.
Fitzpatrick, S. M. 2010. On the shoals of giants: natural catastrophes and the overall destruction of the Caribbean’s archaeological record. Journal of coastal conservation, 16 (2): 173?186.
Gala, M., & A. Lenoble. 2015. Evidence of the former existence of an endemic Macaw in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Journal of Ornithology, 156 (4): 1061?1066.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1986. Variation in land-snail shell form and size and its causes: A Review. Systematic Zoology, 35 (2): 204?223.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1987. Late Holocene morphological changes in a Jamaican land snail: evidence for changes in rainfall (123?126). In: Berger, W. H. & L. D. Labeyrie (Eds.), Abrupt Climatic Change: Evidence and Implications. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1992. The use of land snail shells in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11 (6): 665?685.
Guibert J.-S., C. Stouvenot, & F. Leroy. 2017. Formation processes of maritime archaeological sites in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): A first approach. In: A. Capraso (Ed.), Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes. Springer Nature, Cham: 189?209.
Hovestadt, A., & C. M. Neckheim. 2020. A critical cheklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies. Folia Conchyliologica, 57: 1?38.
Hovestadt, A., & S. Van Leeuwen. 2017. Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An Updated Checklist and Guide to Identification. Vita Malacologia, 16: 1?39.
Jones, A. R. 1985. Dietary change and human population at Indian Creek, Antigua. American Antiquity, 50 (3): 518?536.
Kemp, M. E., & E. A. Hadly. 2016. Early Holocene turnover, followed by stability, in a Caribbean lizard assemblage. Quaternary Research, 85 (2): 255?261.
Khan, N. S., E. Ashe, B. P. Horton, A. Dutton, R. E. Kopp, G. Brocard, S. E. Engelhart, D. F. Hill, W. R. Peltier, C. H. Vane, & F. N. Scatena. 2017. Drivers of Holocene sea-level change in the Caribbean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 155: 13?36.
Lindsay, K., & B. Horwith. 1999. A vegetation classification of St. Kitts and Nevis: Implications for conservation. Island Resources Foundation, St. John’s (Antigua), 68 pp.
Lopez Belando, A. J. 2019. El poblado taino de Playa Grande. Publicaciones de la Academia de Ciencias de la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 299 pp.
Lugo, A. E., R. Schmidt, & S. Brown. 1981. Tropical Forests in the Caribbean. Ambio, 10 (6): 318?324.
Mazé, H. 1883. Catalogue révisé des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guadeloupe et de ses dépendances. Journal de Conchyliologie, 31: 5?54.
Mazé, H. 1890. Complément au catalogue révisé des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guadeloupe et ses dépendances. Journal de conchyliologie, 38: 19?34.
Napolitano, M. F., R. J. Di Napoli, J. H. Stone, M. J. Levin, N. P. Jew, B. G. Lane, J. T. O’Connor, & S. M. Fitzpatrick. 2019. Reevaluating human colonization of the Caribbean using chronometric hygiene and Bayesian modeling. Science Advances 5, no eaar 7806 (2019): 11 pp.
Pfeiffer, L. 1856. Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna Westindiens. Malakozoologische Blätter, 2: 98?106.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1897?1898. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic. Second series: Pulmonata, Vol. 11 - American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona, and South American Drymaeus. Philadelphie: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 446 pp.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1899. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic. Second series: Pulmonata, Vol. 12 - American Bulimulidae : North American and Antillean Drymaeus, Meiostracus, Orthalicinae and Amphibuliminae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 258 pp.
Pilsbry, H. A., & A. P. Brown. 1914. List of land and fresh-water mollusks of Antigua. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66 (2): 429?431.
Pregill, G. K., D. W. Steadman, & D. R. Watters. 1994. Late quaternary vertebrate faunas of the Lesser Antilles: Historical components of Caribbean biogeography. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 30: 1?51.
Robinson, D. G., A. Hovestadt, A. Fields, & A. S. H. Breure. 2009. The land mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 83: 615?650.
Serrand, N. 2005. Les restes de mollusques du site saladoïde moyen-tardif du Diamant à Dizac, Martinique (450–700 apr. J.-C.) : une exploitation entre mer et mangrove. Résultats préliminaires (159?168). In: Tavarez Maria, C. & M. A. Garcia Arevalo, Proceedings of the 20th international Congress of the Association for Caribbean archaeology. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Museo del Hombre Dominicano y Fundación García Arévalo.
Stoetzel, E., A. Royer, D. Cochard, & A. Lenoble. 2016. Late Quaternary changes in Bat palaeobiodiversity and palaeobiogeography under climatic and anthropogenic pressure: new insights from Marie-Galante, Lesser Antilles. Quaternary Sciences Reviews, 143: 150?174.
Stouvenot, C., S. Grouard, S. Bailon, D. Bonnissent, A. Lenoble, N. Serrand, & V. Sierpe. 2014. L’abri sous roche Cadet 3 (Marie-Galante): un gisement à accumulations de faune et à vestiges archéologiques (126?140). In: Bérard, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 24th international Congress of the Association for Caribbean archaeology. Fort-de-France, Martinique, IACA.
Van Buurt, G. 2016. Field observations on some Curaçao landsnails, and new records for its fauna. Folia Conchyliologica, 34: 1?16.
Van der Schalie, H. 1948. The land and fresh-water mollusks of Puerto Rico. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 70. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 134 pp.
Van der Valk, L. 1987. De fossiele en recente malacofauna van Sint Eustatius en het verband met de jongste geologische geschiedenis van het eiland. Spirula, 236: 280?283.
Van Leeuwen, S., & S. J. Hewitt. 2016. Molluscs of St. Eustatius. In B.W. Hoeksema (Ed.), Marine Biodiversity Survey of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, 2015. Naturalis Biodiversity Center & ANEMOON Foundation, Leiden: 83?112.
Watts, D. 1987. The West Indies. Patterns of development, culture and environmental change since 1492. Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 609 pp.
Bailon, S., C. Bochaton, & A. Lenoble. 2015. New data on Pleistocene and Holocene herpetofauna of Marie Galante (Blanchard Cave, Guadeloupe Islands, French West Indies): Insular Faunal Turnover and Human Impact. Quaternary Science Reviews, 128: 125?137.
Barstow, M. 2019. Guaiacum officinale. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019:e. T33701A68085935. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20191.RLTS.T33701A68085935.en (downloaded: 03 February 2021).
Beard, J. S. 1949. The natural vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Island. Oxford Forestry Memoirs 21. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 192 pp.
Bertrand, A. 2001. Notes préliminaires sur les mollusques terrestres de Guadeloupe. Diren Guadeloupe, Basse-Terre, 35 pp.
Bertran, P. 2012. Dynamique côtière dans les Petites Antilles françaises et archéologie amérindienne. Géologues, 173: 91?94.
Bochaton, C., R. Boistel, S. Grouard, I. Ineich, A. Tresset, & S. Bailon. 2019. Fossil Dipsadid Snakes from the Guadeloupe Islands (French West-Indies) and Their Interactions with Past Human Populations. Geodiversitas, 41(12): 501?522.
Bochaton, C., D. Cochard, M. Gala, J. Chalifour, & A. Lenoble. 2020. Initial observations of the subfossil fauna from Tintamarre island (Anguilla Bank, Lesser Antilles). Quaternaire, 31 (4): 327?340.
Bochaton C., L. Charles, & A. Lenoble. 2021. Historical and fossil evidence of an extinct endemic species of Leiocephalus (Squamata: Leiocephalidae) from the Guadeloupe Islands. Zootaxa, 4297 (3): 383?409.
Bonnissent, D., N. Serrand, L. Bruxelles, P. Fouéré, S. Grouard, N. Sellier-Ségard, & C. Stouvenot. 2016. Archéoécologie des sociétés insulaires des Petites Antilles au Mésoindien, (213?260). In: Dupont, C., & G. Marchand (Eds.), Archéologie des chasseurscueilleurs maritimes. De la fonction des habitats à l’organisation de l’espace littoral. Société Préhistorique française, Paris.
Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Pointier. 1998. Les mollusques terrestres et dulçaquicoles de la Guadeloupe. Rapport d’étude. National Museum of Natural History, Paris, 25 pp.
Breure, A. S. H. 1974. Caribbean land molluscs: Bulimulidae, I. Bulimulus. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 45: 1?80.
Breure, A. S. H., A. Hovestadt, A. Fields, & D. G. Robinson. 2016. The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species. Nautilus, 130 (2): 27?52.
Charles, L. 2015. Mollusques terrestres de l’archipel de la Guadeloupe, Petites Antilles. DEAL Guadeloupe, Basse-Terre, 100 pp.
Cooke, S. B., L. M. Davalos, A. M. Mychajliw, S. T. Turvey, & N. S. Upham. 2017. Anthropogenic extinction dominates Holocene declines of West Indian mammals. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 48: 301?327.
Espinosa, A., & D. G. Robinson, 2021. Annotated cheklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola island. Novitates Caribaea, 17: 71?146.
Fitzpatrick, S. M. 2010. On the shoals of giants: natural catastrophes and the overall destruction of the Caribbean’s archaeological record. Journal of coastal conservation, 16 (2): 173?186.
Gala, M., & A. Lenoble. 2015. Evidence of the former existence of an endemic Macaw in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Journal of Ornithology, 156 (4): 1061?1066.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1986. Variation in land-snail shell form and size and its causes: A Review. Systematic Zoology, 35 (2): 204?223.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1987. Late Holocene morphological changes in a Jamaican land snail: evidence for changes in rainfall (123?126). In: Berger, W. H. & L. D. Labeyrie (Eds.), Abrupt Climatic Change: Evidence and Implications. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht.
Goodfriend, G. A. 1992. The use of land snail shells in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11 (6): 665?685.
Guibert J.-S., C. Stouvenot, & F. Leroy. 2017. Formation processes of maritime archaeological sites in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): A first approach. In: A. Capraso (Ed.), Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes. Springer Nature, Cham: 189?209.
Hovestadt, A., & C. M. Neckheim. 2020. A critical cheklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies. Folia Conchyliologica, 57: 1?38.
Hovestadt, A., & S. Van Leeuwen. 2017. Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An Updated Checklist and Guide to Identification. Vita Malacologia, 16: 1?39.
Jones, A. R. 1985. Dietary change and human population at Indian Creek, Antigua. American Antiquity, 50 (3): 518?536.
Kemp, M. E., & E. A. Hadly. 2016. Early Holocene turnover, followed by stability, in a Caribbean lizard assemblage. Quaternary Research, 85 (2): 255?261.
Khan, N. S., E. Ashe, B. P. Horton, A. Dutton, R. E. Kopp, G. Brocard, S. E. Engelhart, D. F. Hill, W. R. Peltier, C. H. Vane, & F. N. Scatena. 2017. Drivers of Holocene sea-level change in the Caribbean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 155: 13?36.
Lindsay, K., & B. Horwith. 1999. A vegetation classification of St. Kitts and Nevis: Implications for conservation. Island Resources Foundation, St. John’s (Antigua), 68 pp.
Lopez Belando, A. J. 2019. El poblado taino de Playa Grande. Publicaciones de la Academia de Ciencias de la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 299 pp.
Lugo, A. E., R. Schmidt, & S. Brown. 1981. Tropical Forests in the Caribbean. Ambio, 10 (6): 318?324.
Mazé, H. 1883. Catalogue révisé des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guadeloupe et de ses dépendances. Journal de Conchyliologie, 31: 5?54.
Mazé, H. 1890. Complément au catalogue révisé des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guadeloupe et ses dépendances. Journal de conchyliologie, 38: 19?34.
Napolitano, M. F., R. J. Di Napoli, J. H. Stone, M. J. Levin, N. P. Jew, B. G. Lane, J. T. O’Connor, & S. M. Fitzpatrick. 2019. Reevaluating human colonization of the Caribbean using chronometric hygiene and Bayesian modeling. Science Advances 5, no eaar 7806 (2019): 11 pp.
Pfeiffer, L. 1856. Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna Westindiens. Malakozoologische Blätter, 2: 98?106.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1897?1898. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic. Second series: Pulmonata, Vol. 11 - American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona, and South American Drymaeus. Philadelphie: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 446 pp.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1899. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic. Second series: Pulmonata, Vol. 12 - American Bulimulidae : North American and Antillean Drymaeus, Meiostracus, Orthalicinae and Amphibuliminae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 258 pp.
Pilsbry, H. A., & A. P. Brown. 1914. List of land and fresh-water mollusks of Antigua. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66 (2): 429?431.
Pregill, G. K., D. W. Steadman, & D. R. Watters. 1994. Late quaternary vertebrate faunas of the Lesser Antilles: Historical components of Caribbean biogeography. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 30: 1?51.
Robinson, D. G., A. Hovestadt, A. Fields, & A. S. H. Breure. 2009. The land mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 83: 615?650.
Serrand, N. 2005. Les restes de mollusques du site saladoïde moyen-tardif du Diamant à Dizac, Martinique (450–700 apr. J.-C.) : une exploitation entre mer et mangrove. Résultats préliminaires (159?168). In: Tavarez Maria, C. & M. A. Garcia Arevalo, Proceedings of the 20th international Congress of the Association for Caribbean archaeology. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Museo del Hombre Dominicano y Fundación García Arévalo.
Stoetzel, E., A. Royer, D. Cochard, & A. Lenoble. 2016. Late Quaternary changes in Bat palaeobiodiversity and palaeobiogeography under climatic and anthropogenic pressure: new insights from Marie-Galante, Lesser Antilles. Quaternary Sciences Reviews, 143: 150?174.
Stouvenot, C., S. Grouard, S. Bailon, D. Bonnissent, A. Lenoble, N. Serrand, & V. Sierpe. 2014. L’abri sous roche Cadet 3 (Marie-Galante): un gisement à accumulations de faune et à vestiges archéologiques (126?140). In: Bérard, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 24th international Congress of the Association for Caribbean archaeology. Fort-de-France, Martinique, IACA.
Van Buurt, G. 2016. Field observations on some Curaçao landsnails, and new records for its fauna. Folia Conchyliologica, 34: 1?16.
Van der Schalie, H. 1948. The land and fresh-water mollusks of Puerto Rico. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 70. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 134 pp.
Van der Valk, L. 1987. De fossiele en recente malacofauna van Sint Eustatius en het verband met de jongste geologische geschiedenis van het eiland. Spirula, 236: 280?283.
Van Leeuwen, S., & S. J. Hewitt. 2016. Molluscs of St. Eustatius. In B.W. Hoeksema (Ed.), Marine Biodiversity Survey of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, 2015. Naturalis Biodiversity Center & ANEMOON Foundation, Leiden: 83?112.
Watts, D. 1987. The West Indies. Patterns of development, culture and environmental change since 1492. Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 609 pp.
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How to Cite
Lenoble, A. (2021). Drymaeus virgulatus, an extirpated land snail species on Saint Kitts and Tintamarre islands. Novitates Caribaea, (18), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi18.270
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