Relationship of the density and intensity of grazing of herbivore fishes (Scaridae and Acanthuridae) with macroalgae in western Cuba
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Published
Jul 15, 2021
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Abstract
The fish families Scaridae and Acanthuridae are herbivorous that control algal growth on corals. Their exclusion due to illegal fishing and coastal development quickly leads to the dominance of macroalgae on the reef. To estimate the density and intensity of grazing of Scaridae and Acanthuridae and their relationship with macroalgae cover, two terraces were selected in the Guanahacabibes National Park (PNG) and one in Havana (LH), the latter with high anthropic degradation. Video-quadrants of 1 m2 were used to obtain the density of fish (individuals/m2) and grazing intensity (bites/5 minutes*m2) and quadrants of 25x25 cm for the relative abundance of macroalgae. Ten species were identified, Scaridae predominated in PNG and Acanthuridae in LH. The loss of Scaridae in LH implies that Acanthuridae represents an excess of a functional group that does not provide the bare substrate for coral recruitment. There was a strong positive correlation between the density and intensity of grazing of Scaridae with Halimeda, since in PNG this alga is favored and constitutes a recurrent and efficient food for Scaridae. In LH, eutrophication bioindicator algae such as Stypopodium predominated and only showed a positive correlation with Acanthuridae. These fish consume the epiphytes on Stypopodium, and their grazing rates are higher, which contributes to the cultivation of turf algae, strong competitors for space with corals. Hence the importance of presenting more equitable communities with different functional groups of herbivorous fish that contribute to a more effective control of macroalgae.
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herbivorism, reef, Guanahacabibes National Park, overfishing
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Edwards, C. B., A. M. Friedlander, A. G. Green, M. J. Hardt, E. Sala, H. P. Sweatman, I. Williams, B. Zgliczynski, A. Sandin y J. E. Smith. 2014. Global assessment of the status of coral reef herbivorous fishes: evidence for fishing effects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1774). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1835
Ferreira, C. E. y J. E. A. Gonçalves. 2006. Community structure and diet of roving herbivorous reef fishes in the Abrolhos Archipelago, south?western Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 69 (5): 1533–1551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01220.x
Fox, R. J. y D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Quantifying herbivory across a coral reef depth gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 339: 49–59.
Francini-Filho, R. B., C. M. Ferreira, E. O. C. Coni, R. L. De Moura y L. Kaufman. 2010. Foraging activity of roving herbivorous reef fish (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) in eastern Brazil: influence of resource availability and interference competition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 90 (3): 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409991147
Froese, R. y D. Pauly. 2019. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version 06/2017.
García-Rodríguez, A., A. L. Lorenzo y N. G. Rodríguez. 2012. Evaluación de las asociaciones de peces arrecifales en el oeste del litoral de La Habana, zona noroccidental de Cuba. Serie Oceanológica, 11: 77–90.
González-Sansón, G. y C. Aguilar. 2010. Reef fish diversity components as indicators of cumulative effects in a highly impacted fringe reef. Ecological Indicators, 10: 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.009
Green, A. L. y D. R. Bellwood. 2009. Monitoring functional groups of herbivorous reef fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience – A practical guide for coral reef managers in the Asia Pacific region. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 70 pp.
Hawkins, J. P. y C. M. Roberts. 2003. Effects of fishing on sex–changing Caribbean parrotfishes. Biological Conservation, 115: 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00119-8
Hernández?Landa, R. C., G. Acosta?González, E. Núñez?Lara y J. E. Arias?González. 2014. Spatial distribution of surgeonfish and parrotfish in the north sector of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. Marine Ecology, 36 (3): 432–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12152
Hoey, A. S. y D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Among–habitat variation in herbivory on Sargassum spp. on a mid-shelf reef in the northern Great Barrier. Reef. Marine Biology, 157 (1): 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1309-8
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Iturralde-Vinent, M. 2010. Geología de Cuba para todos. Editorial Científico-Técnica, La Habana, Cuba, 150 pp.
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Cabrera-Guerra, D., Chevalier-Monteagudo, P. P., Macías-Flores, V., & Cobián-Rojas, D. (2021). Relationship of the density and intensity of grazing of herbivore fishes (Scaridae and Acanthuridae) with macroalgae in western Cuba. Novitates Caribaea, (18), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi18.266
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