A new species of Tropidophis (Squamata: Tropidophiidae) and molecular phylogeny of the Cuban radiation of the genus
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Published
Jul 23, 2020
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Abstract
Cuba has the highest diversity of snakes in the genus Tropidophis, representing 53 % of all the known species. Tropidophis steinleini sp. nov. is described from the eastern region of Cuba, raising the number of species to 17 in this archipelago. The new species is most closely related to T. wrighti, T. spiritus and T. morenoi. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of this new species and other species of the genus in Cuba, based on molecular data, and classified them within three species groups according to the obtained tree topology.
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Caribbean Islands, snakes, dwarf boas, DNA, classification, species groups
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Alayo, P. 1951. Especies herpetológicas halladas en Santiago de Cuba. Boletín de Historia Natural de la Sociedad “Felipe Poey”, 2: 106–110.
Armas, L. F. de, & M. Iturriaga. 2017. Depredación de Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata: Gekkonidae) por Tropidophis pardalis (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Novitates Caribaea, 11: 99–102.
Bailey, J. R. 1937. A review of some recent Tropidophis material. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 16: 41–52.
Bocourt, M. F. 1885. Note sur un Boidien nouveau, provenant du Guatémala. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, 7 (9): 113–115.
Boulenger, G. A. 1880. Reptiles et batraciens recueillis par M. Emile de Ville dans les Andes de l’Equateur. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 5: 41–48.
Cajigas G., A., J. Torres L., & O. J. Torres F. 2018. Tropidophis maculatus (Spotted Red Trope). Geographic Distribution. Herpetological Review, 49 (1): 80–84.
Cocteau, J. T., & G. Bibron. 1843. Reptiles, pp. 1–142. In: Sagra, R. de la, Historia Física, Política y Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Tomo IV. Reptiles y Peces. Segunda parte, Historia Natural. Paris: Bertrand, 255 pp. + Plates I-V.
Curcio, F. F., P. M. Sales Nunes, A. J. Suzard Argolo, G. Skuk, & M. Trefaut Rodrígues. 2012. Taxonomy of the South American dwarf boas of the genus Tropidophis Bibron, 1840, with the description of two new species from the Atlantic forest (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetological Monographs, 2012 (26): 80–121.
Díaz, L. M., A. Cádiz, S. Villar, & F. Bermúdez. 2014. Notes on the ecology and morphology of the Cuban khaki trope, Tropidophis hendersoni Hedges and Garrido (Squamata: Tropidophiidae), with a new locality record. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 21: 116–119.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2005. Tropidophis pilsbryi (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 330.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006a. Tropidophis morenoi (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 356.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006b. Tropidophis pardalis (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 356.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006c. Tropidophis maculatus (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 355–356.
Domínguez, M., & A. Parada. 2009. Tropidophis morenoi (NCN), Cuba. Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review, 40 (4): 458.
Domínguez, M., L. V. Moreno, & S. B. Hedges. 2006. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from the Guanahacabibes Peninsula of Western Cuba. Amphibia-Reptilia, 27: 427–432.
Domínguez, M., L.V. Moreno, & M. Sánchez. 2005. Tropidophis wrighti (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 36 (2): 197.
Figueroa, A., A. D. McKelvy, L. L. Grismer, C. D. Bell, & S. P. Lailvaux. 2016. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLoS ONE, 11 (9): e0161070, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161070.
Fong G., A. 2002. Tropidophis fuscus. Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review, 33 (4): 326.
Fong G., A., & L. F. de Armas. 2011. The easternmost record for Tropidophis spiritus Hedges and Garrido, 1999 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) in Cuba. Herpetology Notes, 4: 111–112.
Fong G., A., I. Bignotte Giró, & K. Maure García. 2013. Unsuccessful predation on the toad Peltophryne peltocephala (Bufonidae) by the Cuban snake Tropidophis melanurus (Tropidophiidae). Herpetology Notes, 6: 73–75.
García-Padrón, L. Y., J. Torres & M. Boligan Expósito. 2020. Aberrant body markings in the Cuban banded dwarf boa, Tropidophis feicki (Squamata: Tropidophiidae). The Herpetological Bulletin, 152: 38–39.
González, H., L. Rodríguez-Schettino, A. Rodríguez, C. A. Mancina, & I. Ramos García. 2012. Libro Rojo de los vertebrados de Cuba. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Edición Academia, 304 pp.
Gundlach, J. C. 1840. Ueber zwei von mir gesammelte Boen von Cuba. Archiv für Naturgeschichte von Wiegmann, 6 (1): 359–361.
Hedges, S. B. 2002. Morphological variation and the definition of species in the snake genus Tropidophis (Serpentes, Tropidophiidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London], Zoology Series, 68: 83–90.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 1992. A new species of Tropidophis from Cuba (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Copeia, 3: 820–825.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 1999. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from central Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 33 (3): 436–441.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 2002. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from eastern Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 36 (2): 157–161.
Hedges, S. B., A. R. Estrada, & L. M. Díaz. 1999. New snake (Tropidophis) from Western Cuba. Copeia, 1999 (2): 376–381.
Hedges, S. B., O. H. Garrido, & L. M. Díaz. 2001. A new banded snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from north-central Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 35 (4): 615–617.
Henderson, R. W., & R. Powell. 2009. Natural History of West Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Univ. Press Florida, Gainesville, xxiv + 496 pp.
Hoser, R. T. 2013. A reassessment of the Tropidophiidae, including the creation of two new tribes and the division of Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 into six genera, and a revisiting of the Ungaliophiinae to create two subspecies within Ungaliophis panamensis Schmidt, 1933. Australasian Journal of Herpetology, 17: 22–34.
Iturriaga, M. 2014. Autohemorrhaging behavior in the Cuban Dwarf Boa Tropidophis melanurus Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetology Notes, 7: 339–341.
Iturriaga, M., & M. A. Olcha. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Tropidophis fuscus. Herpetological Review, 46 (3): 387.
Jobb, G., A. von Haeseler, & K. Strimmer. 2004. TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4: 18.
Kaiser, H., B. I. Crother, C. M. R. Kelly, L. Luiselli, M. O’Shea, H. Ota, P. Passos, W. D. Schleip, & W. Wüster. 2013. Best practices: In the 21st century, taxonomic decisions in herpetology are acceptable only when supported by a body of evidence and published via peer-review. Herpetological Review, 44 (1): 8–23.
Köhler, G. 2012. Color catalogue for field biologists. Herpeton, Offenbach, Germany, 49 pp.
Laurent, R. 1949. Notes sur quelq ues reptiles appartenant a la collection de L’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. III. Formes ame´ ricaines. Bulletin de L’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 25: 1–20.
Polo, J. L., & A. Arango. 2011. Mantenimiento y reproducción del majasito o boa leopardo Tropidophis pardalis Gundlach, 1840 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) en el Parque Zoológico Nacional de Cuba. CubaZOO, 24: 45–52.
Pook, C. E., W. Wüster, & R. S. Thorpe. 2000. Historical biogeography of the western rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus viridis), inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence information. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15 (2): 269–282.
Posada, D., & K. A. Crandall. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics Applications Note, 14 (9): 817–818.
Rehak, I. 1987. Color change in the snake Tropidophis feicki (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropidophiidae). Vestník Ceskoslovenské spolecnosti zoologické, 51: 300–303.
Reynolds, R. G., M.L. Niemiller, & L. J. Revell. 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71 (2014): 201–213.
Reynolds, R. G., A. R. Puente-Rolón, A. L. Castle, M. Van De Schoot, & A. J. Geneva. 2018. Herpetofauna of Cay Sal, Bahamas and phylogenetic relationships of Anolis fairchildi, Anolis sagrei, and Tropidophis curtus from the region. Breviora, 560: 1–19, doi: 10.3099/ MCZ45.1.
Rhodin, A. G. J., H. Kaiser, P. P. van Dijk, W. Wüster, M. O’Shea, M. Archer, M. Auliya, L. Boitani, R. Bour, V. Clausnitzer, T. Contreras-MacBeath, B. I. Crother, J. M. Daza, et al. 2015. Comment on Spracklandus Hoser, 2009 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae): request for confirmation of the availability of the generic name and for the nomenclatural validation of the journal in which it was published. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72 (1): 61–78.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., L. Y. García-Padrón, & J. Torres. 2020a. New dietary records for the Cuban Spotted Red Trope, Tropidophis maculatus (Squamata: Tropidophiidae). Caribbean Herpetology, 73: 1–2.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., J. Torres & E. Morell Savall. 2020b. Easternmost record of the Cuban Broad-banded Trope, Tropidophis feicki (Squamata: Tropidophiidae), of Cuba. Caribbean Herpetology, 71: 1–3.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., J. Rosado, R. Marrero, & J. Torres. 2017. Birds in the diet of snakes in the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae): do prey items in museum specimens always reflect reliable data? IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 24 (1): 61–64.
Rodríguez-Schettino, L., C. A. Mancina, & V. Rivalta González. 2013. Reptiles of Cuba: checklist and geographic distributions. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 144: 1–98.
Rodríguez-Schettino, L., V. Rivalta González, A. González R., & R. Fernández de Arcila F. 2015. Presencia del género Tropidophis (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal, 7: 19–24.
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Armas, L. F. de, & M. Iturriaga. 2017. Depredación de Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata: Gekkonidae) por Tropidophis pardalis (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Novitates Caribaea, 11: 99–102.
Bailey, J. R. 1937. A review of some recent Tropidophis material. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 16: 41–52.
Bocourt, M. F. 1885. Note sur un Boidien nouveau, provenant du Guatémala. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, 7 (9): 113–115.
Boulenger, G. A. 1880. Reptiles et batraciens recueillis par M. Emile de Ville dans les Andes de l’Equateur. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 5: 41–48.
Cajigas G., A., J. Torres L., & O. J. Torres F. 2018. Tropidophis maculatus (Spotted Red Trope). Geographic Distribution. Herpetological Review, 49 (1): 80–84.
Cocteau, J. T., & G. Bibron. 1843. Reptiles, pp. 1–142. In: Sagra, R. de la, Historia Física, Política y Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Tomo IV. Reptiles y Peces. Segunda parte, Historia Natural. Paris: Bertrand, 255 pp. + Plates I-V.
Curcio, F. F., P. M. Sales Nunes, A. J. Suzard Argolo, G. Skuk, & M. Trefaut Rodrígues. 2012. Taxonomy of the South American dwarf boas of the genus Tropidophis Bibron, 1840, with the description of two new species from the Atlantic forest (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetological Monographs, 2012 (26): 80–121.
Díaz, L. M., A. Cádiz, S. Villar, & F. Bermúdez. 2014. Notes on the ecology and morphology of the Cuban khaki trope, Tropidophis hendersoni Hedges and Garrido (Squamata: Tropidophiidae), with a new locality record. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 21: 116–119.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2005. Tropidophis pilsbryi (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 330.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006a. Tropidophis morenoi (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 356.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006b. Tropidophis pardalis (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 356.
Domínguez, M., & L.V. Moreno. 2006c. Tropidophis maculatus (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 37 (3): 355–356.
Domínguez, M., & A. Parada. 2009. Tropidophis morenoi (NCN), Cuba. Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review, 40 (4): 458.
Domínguez, M., L. V. Moreno, & S. B. Hedges. 2006. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from the Guanahacabibes Peninsula of Western Cuba. Amphibia-Reptilia, 27: 427–432.
Domínguez, M., L.V. Moreno, & M. Sánchez. 2005. Tropidophis wrighti (NCN). Size record. Herpetological Review, 36 (2): 197.
Figueroa, A., A. D. McKelvy, L. L. Grismer, C. D. Bell, & S. P. Lailvaux. 2016. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLoS ONE, 11 (9): e0161070, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161070.
Fong G., A. 2002. Tropidophis fuscus. Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review, 33 (4): 326.
Fong G., A., & L. F. de Armas. 2011. The easternmost record for Tropidophis spiritus Hedges and Garrido, 1999 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) in Cuba. Herpetology Notes, 4: 111–112.
Fong G., A., I. Bignotte Giró, & K. Maure García. 2013. Unsuccessful predation on the toad Peltophryne peltocephala (Bufonidae) by the Cuban snake Tropidophis melanurus (Tropidophiidae). Herpetology Notes, 6: 73–75.
García-Padrón, L. Y., J. Torres & M. Boligan Expósito. 2020. Aberrant body markings in the Cuban banded dwarf boa, Tropidophis feicki (Squamata: Tropidophiidae). The Herpetological Bulletin, 152: 38–39.
González, H., L. Rodríguez-Schettino, A. Rodríguez, C. A. Mancina, & I. Ramos García. 2012. Libro Rojo de los vertebrados de Cuba. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Edición Academia, 304 pp.
Gundlach, J. C. 1840. Ueber zwei von mir gesammelte Boen von Cuba. Archiv für Naturgeschichte von Wiegmann, 6 (1): 359–361.
Hedges, S. B. 2002. Morphological variation and the definition of species in the snake genus Tropidophis (Serpentes, Tropidophiidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum [London], Zoology Series, 68: 83–90.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 1992. A new species of Tropidophis from Cuba (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Copeia, 3: 820–825.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 1999. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from central Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 33 (3): 436–441.
Hedges, S. B., & O. H. Garrido. 2002. A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from eastern Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 36 (2): 157–161.
Hedges, S. B., A. R. Estrada, & L. M. Díaz. 1999. New snake (Tropidophis) from Western Cuba. Copeia, 1999 (2): 376–381.
Hedges, S. B., O. H. Garrido, & L. M. Díaz. 2001. A new banded snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from north-central Cuba. Journal of Herpetology, 35 (4): 615–617.
Henderson, R. W., & R. Powell. 2009. Natural History of West Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Univ. Press Florida, Gainesville, xxiv + 496 pp.
Hoser, R. T. 2013. A reassessment of the Tropidophiidae, including the creation of two new tribes and the division of Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 into six genera, and a revisiting of the Ungaliophiinae to create two subspecies within Ungaliophis panamensis Schmidt, 1933. Australasian Journal of Herpetology, 17: 22–34.
Iturriaga, M. 2014. Autohemorrhaging behavior in the Cuban Dwarf Boa Tropidophis melanurus Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae). Herpetology Notes, 7: 339–341.
Iturriaga, M., & M. A. Olcha. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Tropidophis fuscus. Herpetological Review, 46 (3): 387.
Jobb, G., A. von Haeseler, & K. Strimmer. 2004. TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4: 18.
Kaiser, H., B. I. Crother, C. M. R. Kelly, L. Luiselli, M. O’Shea, H. Ota, P. Passos, W. D. Schleip, & W. Wüster. 2013. Best practices: In the 21st century, taxonomic decisions in herpetology are acceptable only when supported by a body of evidence and published via peer-review. Herpetological Review, 44 (1): 8–23.
Köhler, G. 2012. Color catalogue for field biologists. Herpeton, Offenbach, Germany, 49 pp.
Laurent, R. 1949. Notes sur quelq ues reptiles appartenant a la collection de L’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. III. Formes ame´ ricaines. Bulletin de L’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 25: 1–20.
Polo, J. L., & A. Arango. 2011. Mantenimiento y reproducción del majasito o boa leopardo Tropidophis pardalis Gundlach, 1840 (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) en el Parque Zoológico Nacional de Cuba. CubaZOO, 24: 45–52.
Pook, C. E., W. Wüster, & R. S. Thorpe. 2000. Historical biogeography of the western rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus viridis), inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence information. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15 (2): 269–282.
Posada, D., & K. A. Crandall. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics Applications Note, 14 (9): 817–818.
Rehak, I. 1987. Color change in the snake Tropidophis feicki (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropidophiidae). Vestník Ceskoslovenské spolecnosti zoologické, 51: 300–303.
Reynolds, R. G., M.L. Niemiller, & L. J. Revell. 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71 (2014): 201–213.
Reynolds, R. G., A. R. Puente-Rolón, A. L. Castle, M. Van De Schoot, & A. J. Geneva. 2018. Herpetofauna of Cay Sal, Bahamas and phylogenetic relationships of Anolis fairchildi, Anolis sagrei, and Tropidophis curtus from the region. Breviora, 560: 1–19, doi: 10.3099/ MCZ45.1.
Rhodin, A. G. J., H. Kaiser, P. P. van Dijk, W. Wüster, M. O’Shea, M. Archer, M. Auliya, L. Boitani, R. Bour, V. Clausnitzer, T. Contreras-MacBeath, B. I. Crother, J. M. Daza, et al. 2015. Comment on Spracklandus Hoser, 2009 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae): request for confirmation of the availability of the generic name and for the nomenclatural validation of the journal in which it was published. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72 (1): 61–78.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., L. Y. García-Padrón, & J. Torres. 2020a. New dietary records for the Cuban Spotted Red Trope, Tropidophis maculatus (Squamata: Tropidophiidae). Caribbean Herpetology, 73: 1–2.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., J. Torres & E. Morell Savall. 2020b. Easternmost record of the Cuban Broad-banded Trope, Tropidophis feicki (Squamata: Tropidophiidae), of Cuba. Caribbean Herpetology, 71: 1–3.
Rodríguez-Cabrera, T. M., J. Rosado, R. Marrero, & J. Torres. 2017. Birds in the diet of snakes in the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae): do prey items in museum specimens always reflect reliable data? IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 24 (1): 61–64.
Rodríguez-Schettino, L., C. A. Mancina, & V. Rivalta González. 2013. Reptiles of Cuba: checklist and geographic distributions. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 144: 1–98.
Rodríguez-Schettino, L., V. Rivalta González, A. González R., & R. Fernández de Arcila F. 2015. Presencia del género Tropidophis (Serpentes: Tropidophiidae) en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal, 7: 19–24.
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Díaz, L. M., & Cádiz, A. (2020). A new species of Tropidophis (Squamata: Tropidophiidae) and molecular phylogeny of the Cuban radiation of the genus. Novitates Caribaea, (16), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi16.222
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