Natural hybridization between two species of green Anoles: morphological and genetic evidence
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Published
Jan 16, 2020
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Abstract
Anoles are a group of lizards that offer a wide range of opportunities to study different biological topics. In this work, we examined some aspects of the morphology from 139 individuals of green anoles collected in urban parks of Santo Domingo and the Distrito Nacional. We investigated evidence of hybridization between the two Hispaniola endemic species Anolis chlorocyanus and A. cyanostictus and the introduced species A. porcatus. We categorized the individuals in pure species and intermediates based on their phenotype. Additionally, mitochondrial 16S sequence data was generated from the collected specimens, to compare molecular and phenotypic species assignments. We consider the general congruence between both data sets in most but inconsistency in a few specimens as evidence for hybridization between the two endemic species. However, we did not find evidence of hybridization between any of these species and the introduced species A. porcatus. Nevertheless, the continuous expansion of the distribution of this invasive species possibly will have drastic negative consequences for the populations of the endemic species.
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Hispaniola, urban anoles, interspecific mating, intermediate morphology, gene introgression
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Almonte-Espinosa, H. 2018. Composición, riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de Aves en cuatro áreas verdes de Santo Domingo. Novitates Caribaea, 12: 14–24.
Arias, C. Y. 1985. Anolis chlorocyanus y Anolis porcatus (Sauria, Iguanidae) en la ciudad de Santo Domingo. Tesis para optar por el título de Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional (ADN). 2016. Análisis del contexto del Distrito Nacional: Delimitación del contexto. Distrito Nacional, República Dominicana.
Cedeño-Vázquez J. R., D. Rodríguez, S. Calme, J. Perran Ross, L. D. Densmore, & J. B. Thorbjarnarson. 2008. Hybridization between Crocodylus acutus and Crocodylus moreletii in the Yucatan Peninsula: I. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 309: 661–673.
Cochran, D. M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. United States National Museum Bulletin, 177: 1–398.
Consejo Nacional de Asuntos Urbanos (CONAU). 2007. Geo Santo Domingo, Perspectiva del Medio Ambiente Urbano. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Dépraz, A., J. Hausser, & M. Pfenninger. 2009. A species delimitation approach in the Trochulus sericeus/hispidus complex reveals two cryptic species within a sharp contact zone. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9 (1): 171.
García, R., A. Queral, R. Powell, J. S. Jr. Parmerlee, D. D. Smith, & A. Lathrop. 1994. Evidence of Hybridization among green anoles (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) from Hispaniola. Caribbean Journal of Science, 30: 279–281.
Glor, R. E., M. E. Gifford, A. Larson, J. B. Losos, L. R. Schettino, A. R. Lara, & T. R. Jackman. 2004. Partial island submergence and speciation in an adaptive radiation: A multilocus analysis of the Cuban green anoles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 271: 2257–2265.
Gorman, G. C., & L. Atkins. 1968. Natural hybridization between two sibling species of Anolis lizards: chromosome cytology. Science, 159: 1358–1360.
Ivanova, N. V., J. De Waard, & P. D. N. Hebert. 2006. An inexpensive, automation friendly protocol for recovering high quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6: 998–1002.
Jezkova, T., M. Leal & J. A. Rodríguez-Robles. 2013. Genetic drift or natural selection? Hybridization and asymmetric mitochondrial introgression in two Caribbean lizards (Anolis pulchellus and Anolis krugi). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 26: 1458–1471.
Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16: 111–120.
Köhler, G. 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy: Definition of terms, advise on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa, 3774 (3): 201–257.
Köhler, G, D. M. Dehling & J. Köhler. 2010. Cryptic species and hybridization in the Anolis polylepis complex, with the description of a new species from the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (Squamata: Polychrotidae). Zootaxa, 2718: 23–38.
Köhler, G., J. Vargas, & S. Lotzkat. 2014. Two new species of the Norops pachypus complex (Squamata, Dactyloidae) from Costa Rica. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 1: 254–280.
Köhler, G. & S. B. Hedges. 2016. A revision of the green anoles of Hispaniola with description of eight new species (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae). Novitates Caribaea, 9: 1–135.
Kumar, S., G. Stecher & K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33 (7): 1870–1874.
Mejía, M., & R. García. 1994. El Jardín Botánico Nacional. Editora Corripio, 60 pp.
Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 449: 1–84.
Pfenninger, M., F. Reinhardt, & B. Streit. 2002. Evidence for cryptic hybridization between different evolutionary lineages of the invasive clam genus Corbicula (Veneroida, Bivalvia). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15 (5): 818–829.
Poe, S., A. Nieto-Montes de Oca, O. Torres-Carvajal, K. de Queiroz, J. A. Velasco, B. Truett, L. N. Gray, M. J. Ryan, G. Köhler, F. Ayala-Varela, & I. Latella. 2017. A phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic study of all extant species of Anolis (Squamata; Iguanidae). Systematic Biology, 66: 663–697.
Powell, R., D. O. Smith, J. S. Jr. Parmerlee, C. V. Taylor, & M. L. Jolley. 1990. Range expansion by an introduced anole: Anolis porcatus in the Dominican Republic. Amphibia-Reptilia, 11: 421–425.
Rhymer, J. M., & D. Simberloff. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27 (1): 83–109.
Saitou, N., & M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology Evolution, 4: 406–425.
Schwartz, A., & R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Gainesville, FL, USA: University of Florida Press, 720 pp.
Schwenk, K., N. Brede, & B. Streit. 2008. Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact of interspecific hybridization in animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363 (1505): 2805–2811.
Stuart, Y. E., M. A. Landestoy, D. L. Malher, D. Scantlebury, A. J. Geneva, P. S. VanMiddlesworth, & R. E. Glor. 2012. Two new introduced populations of the Cuban green anole (Anolis porcatus) in the Dominican Republic. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 19: 71–75.
Szabó, M. 2010. Árboles de Santo Domingo. Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, 93 pp.
Wegener, J. E., J. N. Pita-Aquino, J. Atutubo, A. Moreno & J. J. Kolbe. 2019. Hybridization and rapid differentiation after secondary contact between the native green anole (Anolis carolinensis) and the introduced green anole (Anolis porcatus). Ecology and Evolution, 9: 4138–4148.
Williams, E. E. 1965. The species of Hispaniolan green anoles (Sauria, Iguanidae). Breviora, 227: 1–16.
Wirtz, P. 1999. Mother species–father species: unidirectional hybridization in animals with female choice. Animal Behaviour, 58: 1–12.
Arias, C. Y. 1985. Anolis chlorocyanus y Anolis porcatus (Sauria, Iguanidae) en la ciudad de Santo Domingo. Tesis para optar por el título de Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional (ADN). 2016. Análisis del contexto del Distrito Nacional: Delimitación del contexto. Distrito Nacional, República Dominicana.
Cedeño-Vázquez J. R., D. Rodríguez, S. Calme, J. Perran Ross, L. D. Densmore, & J. B. Thorbjarnarson. 2008. Hybridization between Crocodylus acutus and Crocodylus moreletii in the Yucatan Peninsula: I. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 309: 661–673.
Cochran, D. M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. United States National Museum Bulletin, 177: 1–398.
Consejo Nacional de Asuntos Urbanos (CONAU). 2007. Geo Santo Domingo, Perspectiva del Medio Ambiente Urbano. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Dépraz, A., J. Hausser, & M. Pfenninger. 2009. A species delimitation approach in the Trochulus sericeus/hispidus complex reveals two cryptic species within a sharp contact zone. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9 (1): 171.
García, R., A. Queral, R. Powell, J. S. Jr. Parmerlee, D. D. Smith, & A. Lathrop. 1994. Evidence of Hybridization among green anoles (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) from Hispaniola. Caribbean Journal of Science, 30: 279–281.
Glor, R. E., M. E. Gifford, A. Larson, J. B. Losos, L. R. Schettino, A. R. Lara, & T. R. Jackman. 2004. Partial island submergence and speciation in an adaptive radiation: A multilocus analysis of the Cuban green anoles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 271: 2257–2265.
Gorman, G. C., & L. Atkins. 1968. Natural hybridization between two sibling species of Anolis lizards: chromosome cytology. Science, 159: 1358–1360.
Ivanova, N. V., J. De Waard, & P. D. N. Hebert. 2006. An inexpensive, automation friendly protocol for recovering high quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6: 998–1002.
Jezkova, T., M. Leal & J. A. Rodríguez-Robles. 2013. Genetic drift or natural selection? Hybridization and asymmetric mitochondrial introgression in two Caribbean lizards (Anolis pulchellus and Anolis krugi). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 26: 1458–1471.
Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16: 111–120.
Köhler, G. 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy: Definition of terms, advise on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa, 3774 (3): 201–257.
Köhler, G, D. M. Dehling & J. Köhler. 2010. Cryptic species and hybridization in the Anolis polylepis complex, with the description of a new species from the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (Squamata: Polychrotidae). Zootaxa, 2718: 23–38.
Köhler, G., J. Vargas, & S. Lotzkat. 2014. Two new species of the Norops pachypus complex (Squamata, Dactyloidae) from Costa Rica. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 1: 254–280.
Köhler, G. & S. B. Hedges. 2016. A revision of the green anoles of Hispaniola with description of eight new species (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae). Novitates Caribaea, 9: 1–135.
Kumar, S., G. Stecher & K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33 (7): 1870–1874.
Mejía, M., & R. García. 1994. El Jardín Botánico Nacional. Editora Corripio, 60 pp.
Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 449: 1–84.
Pfenninger, M., F. Reinhardt, & B. Streit. 2002. Evidence for cryptic hybridization between different evolutionary lineages of the invasive clam genus Corbicula (Veneroida, Bivalvia). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 15 (5): 818–829.
Poe, S., A. Nieto-Montes de Oca, O. Torres-Carvajal, K. de Queiroz, J. A. Velasco, B. Truett, L. N. Gray, M. J. Ryan, G. Köhler, F. Ayala-Varela, & I. Latella. 2017. A phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic study of all extant species of Anolis (Squamata; Iguanidae). Systematic Biology, 66: 663–697.
Powell, R., D. O. Smith, J. S. Jr. Parmerlee, C. V. Taylor, & M. L. Jolley. 1990. Range expansion by an introduced anole: Anolis porcatus in the Dominican Republic. Amphibia-Reptilia, 11: 421–425.
Rhymer, J. M., & D. Simberloff. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27 (1): 83–109.
Saitou, N., & M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology Evolution, 4: 406–425.
Schwartz, A., & R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Gainesville, FL, USA: University of Florida Press, 720 pp.
Schwenk, K., N. Brede, & B. Streit. 2008. Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact of interspecific hybridization in animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363 (1505): 2805–2811.
Stuart, Y. E., M. A. Landestoy, D. L. Malher, D. Scantlebury, A. J. Geneva, P. S. VanMiddlesworth, & R. E. Glor. 2012. Two new introduced populations of the Cuban green anole (Anolis porcatus) in the Dominican Republic. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 19: 71–75.
Szabó, M. 2010. Árboles de Santo Domingo. Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, 93 pp.
Wegener, J. E., J. N. Pita-Aquino, J. Atutubo, A. Moreno & J. J. Kolbe. 2019. Hybridization and rapid differentiation after secondary contact between the native green anole (Anolis carolinensis) and the introduced green anole (Anolis porcatus). Ecology and Evolution, 9: 4138–4148.
Williams, E. E. 1965. The species of Hispaniolan green anoles (Sauria, Iguanidae). Breviora, 227: 1–16.
Wirtz, P. 1999. Mother species–father species: unidirectional hybridization in animals with female choice. Animal Behaviour, 58: 1–12.
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How to Cite
Gabot-Rodríguez, E., Incháustegui, S. J., Pfenninger, M., Feldmeyer, B., & Kӧhler G. (2020). Natural hybridization between two species of green Anoles: morphological and genetic evidence. Novitates Caribaea, (15), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi15.217
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